Arthritis is a common condition that causes inflammation, pain, and stiffness in the joints, affecting people of all ages, though it is more common in older adults. The term “arthritis” refers to more than 100 different types of joint disorders, with the most common being osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis occurs due to wear and tear of the cartilage that cushions the joints, leading to pain and reduced mobility. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks the joint lining, causing inflammation, swelling, and deformity over time.

Common symptoms of arthritis include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, reduced range of motion, and tenderness. Symptoms may develop gradually or suddenly and can affect one or multiple joints. In severe cases, arthritis can make routine activities like walking, climbing stairs, or gripping objects difficult. Other types of arthritis, such as gout or psoriatic arthritis, may have additional symptoms like sudden flare-ups, redness, and fever.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI scans to assess joint damage and inflammation. Treatment depends on the type and severity of arthritis and may include medications to reduce pain and inflammation, physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and, in some cases, surgical interventions.

Managing arthritis also involves maintaining a healthy weight, regular low-impact exercise, and joint protection techniques to reduce strain. With proper care, early intervention, and consistent management, most individuals with arthritis can improve mobility, reduce pain, and maintain a good quality of life.