Gallbladder disorders are conditions that affect the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver that stores and releases bile to help digest fats. The most common gallbladder disorders include gallstones (cholelithiasis), inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), and, less commonly, gallbladder infections or cancer. These conditions can cause discomfort and, if untreated, may lead to complications affecting the liver, pancreas, or digestive system.

Gallstones, the most frequent problem, are solid deposits that form when bile contains excess cholesterol, bilirubin, or when the gallbladder does not empty properly. Risk factors include obesity, high-fat diets, pregnancy, diabetes, and family history. Inflammation or infection may occur if gallstones block the bile ducts, leading to pain and other digestive issues.

Common symptoms of gallbladder disorders include sudden or intense pain in the upper right abdomen, nausea, vomiting, bloating, indigestion, and sometimes fever or jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Symptoms often worsen after eating fatty meals. Diagnosis is usually made through physical examination, blood tests, and imaging techniques such as ultrasound or CT scans.

Treatment depends on the severity and type of disorder. Mild cases may be managed with dietary changes, including a low-fat diet, and medications to reduce pain or dissolve gallstones. Severe cases, particularly when gallstones cause repeated attacks or complications, may require surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy).

With timely diagnosis and appropriate management, most gallbladder disorders can be treated effectively, allowing individuals to maintain normal digestion and overall health. Preventive measures, such as a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle, can also reduce the risk of gallbladder problems.