Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), also known as Polycystic Ovary Disease (PCOD), is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It occurs when the ovaries produce higher-than-normal levels of male hormones (androgens), leading to an imbalance in the menstrual cycle and affecting ovulation. The condition can also cause insulin resistance, weight gain, and other metabolic issues.

Common symptoms of PCOS/PCOD include irregular or missed periods, excessive hair growth on the face or body (hirsutism), acne, oily skin, weight gain, thinning hair on the scalp, and difficulty conceiving due to irregular ovulation. Some women may also experience mood swings, fatigue, and skin darkening in certain areas such as the neck or underarms. The exact cause of PCOS/PCOD is not fully understood, but genetics, insulin resistance, and lifestyle factors play a significant role.

Diagnosis is usually based on medical history, physical examination, blood tests to measure hormone levels, and ultrasound imaging of the ovaries to detect cysts. Early diagnosis is important to prevent long-term complications, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

Management of PCOS/PCOD focuses on relieving symptoms and addressing hormonal and metabolic imbalances. Lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and weight management, are crucial. Medications may be prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, improve insulin sensitivity, or support fertility.

Although PCOS/PCOD is a chronic condition, with proper medical care, lifestyle adjustments, and regular monitoring, women can manage symptoms effectively, maintain reproductive health, and reduce the risk of long-term complications.